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第64章 在七十寿辰宴会上的讲话 1（第1页）

nHisSeventiethBirthday

乔治·萧伯纳

GeorgeBernardShaw

乔治·萧伯纳（1856—1950），爱尔兰作家、戏剧家和政论家，出身于都柏林一个公务员之家，曾当过抄写员、会计，赴伦敦后开始从事创作。1925年获诺贝尔文学奖，他的主要作品有《巴巴拉上校》《苹果车》《圣女贞德》等。

AceintheHole

Understandthesenewwordsbeforeyoureadthisarticle。

1。constitutionaladj。宪法规定的，合乎宪法的；宪法的；体质上的，生来的

2。comromisen。妥协，折中方法

3。caitalismn．资本主义（制度）；资本（或财富）的拥有；资本（私人占有和生产盈利）的支配地位

4。romulgatev。宣扬（某事物）；传播；公布，颁布（法令、新法律等）

5。absurdityn。极端无理性，悖理；荒谬；谬论；荒谬的行为

Oflateyearstheublichavebeentryingtotacklemeineverywaytheyossiblycan，andfailingtomakeanythingofittheyhaveturnedtotreatingmeasagreatman。Thisisadreadfulfatetoovertakeanybody。Therehasbeenadistinctattemttodoitagainnow，andforthatreasonIabsolutelydeclinetosayanythingaboutthecelebrationofmyseventiethbirthday。ButwhentheLaborParty，myoldfriendstheLaborParty，invitedmehere，IknewthatIshouldbeallright。

Now，however，wehavebuiltuaConstitutionalParty。Wehavebuiltituonasocialisticbasis。Myfriend，Mr。SidneyWebb，Mr。MacdonaldandmyselfsaiddefinitelyatthebeginningthatwhatwehadgottodowastomaketheSocialistPartyaconstitutionalartytowhichanyresectableGod-fearingmancouldbelongwithouttheslightestcomromiseofhisresectability。WegotridofallthosetraditionsthatiswhyGovernmentsintheresentdayaremoreafraidofusthantheywereofanyoftheRadicaleole。

Ourositionisaerfectlysimleoneandwehavethegreatadvantageofunderstandingourosition。Weoosesocialismtocaitalism。

Accordingtothecaitalists，therewillbeaguaranteetotheworldthateverymaninthecountrywouldgetajob。Theydidn’tcontenditwouldbeawell-aidjob，becauseifitwaswellaidamanwouldsaveuenoughoneweektostoworkingthenextweek，andtheyweredeterminedtokeeamanworkingthewholetimeonabaresubsistencewage—and，ontheotherhand，divideanaccumulationofcaital。

Theysaidcaitalismnotonlysecuredthisfortheworkingman，but，byinsuringfabulouswealthinthehandsofasmallclassofeole，theywouldsavemoneywhethertheylikeditornotandwouldhavetoinvestit。Thatiscaitalism，andthisGovernmentisalwaysinterferingwithcaitalism。Insteadofgivingamanajoborlettinghimstarvetheyaregivinghimdolesaftermakingsurehehasaidforthemfirst。Theyaregivingcaitalistssubsidiesandmakingallsortsofregulationsthatarebreakingutheirownsystem。Allthetimetheyaredoingit，andwearetellingthemitisbreakingu，theydon’tunderstand。

Wesayincriticismofcaitalism：Yoursystemhasneverketitsromisesforonesingledaysinceitwasromulgated。Ourroductionisridiculous。Weareroducingeightyhorseowermotorcarswhenmanymorehousesshouldbebuilt。Weareroducingmostextravagantluxurieswhilechildrenstarve。Youhavestoodroductiononitshead。Insteadofbeginningwiththethingsthenationneedsmost，youarebeginningatjusttheoositeend。Wesaydistributionhasbecomesoglaringlyridiculousthatthereareonlytwoeoleoutoftheforty-sevenmillioneoleinthiscountrywhoaroveoftheresentsystemofdistributiononeistheDukeofNorthumberlandandtheotherisLordBanbury。

Weareoosedtothattheory。Socialism，whichiserfectlyclearandunmistakable，saysthethingyouhavegottotakecareofisyourdistribution。Wehavetobeginwiththat，andrivateroerty，ifitstandsinthewayofgooddistribution，hasgottogo。

Amanwhoholdsublicroertymustholditontheub1icconditiononwhich，forinstance，Icarrymywalkingstick。IamnotallowedtodowhatIlikewithit。Imustnotknockyouontheheadwithit。Wesaythatifdistributiongoeswrong，everythingelsegoeswrong—religion，morals，government。Andwesay，therefore（thisisthewholemeaningofoursocialism），wemustbeginwithdistributionandtakeallthenecessarystes。

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